Krestyanovedenie Крестьяноведение Russian Peasant Studies 2500-1809 2949-2564 BMNVIL Научная статья О "субъективной реальности" крестьяноведческих проектов Теодора Шанина: экспедиции, длинные столы и Переделкино (устно-исторический подход) On the “subjective reality” of Teodor Shanin’s peasant projects: Field studies, ‘long table’ method, and Peredelkino (an oral history approach) Пресняков Илья Валерьевич Presnyakov Ilya Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы RU 01 2025 10 1 16 42

Статья посвящена исследованию «субъективной реальности» участников крестьяноведческих проектов Теодора Шанина. Несмотря на значительное внимание к методологическим, эпистемологическим и эмпирическим аспектам исследований, личный опыт, эмоции и трансформации исследователей остаются недостаточно изучены. Статья восполняет этот пробел, реконструируя субъективные восприятия, впечатления и воспоминания участников проектов на основе устных историй и уже опубликованных источников. Еще одна задача статьи - локализовать субъективную реальность посредством ее связи с Домом творчества «Переделкино», где регулярно собиралась исследовательская команда Шанина. Структурно статья состоит из нескольких частей. Вначале автор кратко описывает констелляцию обстоятельств, позволивших осуществить крестьяноведческие экспедиции. Далее анализируется «субъективная реальность знакомства» участников проектов с Шаниным и его замыслом. Полевой этап проектов рассмотрен через призму погружения исследователей в сельскую среду, их попытки заручиться доверие крестьян и те методологические вызовы, с которыми они столкнулись. Затем автор изучает структуру и функции дискуссий за «длинным столом» в Переделкине и обосновывает их двойную функцию: методологической синхронизации и взаимной психологической поддержки. В завершение показана институционализация субъективной реальности проектов и их влияние на последующие академические и образовательные инициативы участников команды Шанина. По мнению автора, эта субъективная реальность была связана с интеллектуальными и социально-политическими трансформациями 1990-х годов, благодаря чему и сформировалась особая исследовательская культура крестьяноведческих проектов Шанина, в которой осмысление этнографического опыта и методологических подходов сочеталось с личными переживаниями, дружбой и интеллектуальным партнерством.

The article reconstructs the researchers’ “subjective reality” in Teodor Shanin’s peasant studies projects. While there has been extensive research on methodological, epistemological and empirical dimensions of these projects, little attention has been paid to personal experiences, emotions and transformations of the researchers. This study aims at filling this gap by reconstructing their subjective perceptions through oral histories, memories and published sources and also at ‘localizing’ such a subjective reality by examining its connection with the Peredelkino House of Creativity, where Shanin’s research team used to meet periodically. The article consists of the following parts: first, it outlines the broader conditions of Shanin’s peasant studies expeditions; then it focuses on “subjective reality of the first encounters” with Shanin and his ideas; the fieldwork is examined through the researchers’ observation of rural communities, their efforts to gain peasants’ trust and methodological challenges they faced; further, the study considers the long table discussions at Peredelkino, emphasizing their dual function as spaces for methodological and personal support; finally, the author explains institutionalization of the projects’ subjective reality through their lasting impact on research and educational initiatives of its participants. The findings show that the scholars’ subjective reality was deeply intertwined with the broader intellectual and social-political transformations of the 1990s, which resulted in the specific research culture of Shanin’s peasant studies projects - a combination of reflections on ethnographic experiences, analytical and methodological frameworks with personal experiences, friendship, and intellectual partnership.

 Teodor Shanin peasant studies subjective reality oral history long table method Peredelkino Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences теодор Шанин крестьяноведение субъективная реальность устная история метод "длинного стола" Переделкино Московская высшая школа социальных и экономических наук

Полнотекстовая версия статьи готовится к публикации.

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