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2025. Vol.10. №1.

Small business’ motivation for organic production in the agricultural sector of the North-West

May 21 2025

Nikonova N.A., Nikonov A.G., Dibirova Kh.A. Small business’ motivation for organic production in the agricultural sector of the North-West // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2025. V.10. №1. P. 178-201.

EDN: RLJZFA

Annotation

The article considers the possibility of sustainable development of the national organic market by affecting the motivation of local producers. The authors mention theoretical approaches to the study of the relationship between incentive factors and economic behavior and present the results of the survey of heads of farms in the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov Regions (N=151) to reveal reasons hindering the development of organic production in the North-West. The motivation features of small business in the today’s institutional environment depend on typological characteristics of producers: “highly motivated”, “lowly motivated”, and “conditionally motivated”. Thus, despite some respondents’ interest in the transition to organic agriculture, there are factors preventing such a transition, and one of the most important is the need for increased government support, including in marketing. The authors conclude that mainly the risks of not getting the desired economic result influence intentions and plans of such producers, regardless of the location of the farm, which explains the need for special target programs at the regional level to stimulate the business sector, including the study of the dynamics of producers’ motives and incentives.

Keywords

Motives, organic production, questionnaire, respondents, small agribusiness, government support, North-West.

About the authors

Natalya A. Nikonova, PhD (Economics), Researcher, Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 14th Line V.O., no 39, Saint Petersburg, 199178, Russia.
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Aleksey G. Nikonov, Researcher, Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 14th Line V.O., no 39, Saint Petersburg, 199178, Russia.
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Khapsat A. Dibirova, Junior Researcher, Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 14th Line V.O., no 39, Saint Petersburg, 199178, Russia.
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2024. Vol.9. №2.

“Village Languishing in Ignorance...”: Woman’s fate in the lyrics of S.A. Esenin during the World War I

Jul 20 2024

Nikolaeva A. A. “Village Languishing in Ignorance...”: Woman’s fate in the lyrics of S. A. Esenin during the World War I // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2024. V.9. №2. P. 79-88.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2024-9-2-79-88

Annotation

As its witness and participant, S. A. Esenin responded to the World War I with works written in 1914–1915. As the “singer of the village”, the poet sincerely worried about peasants who were close to him and went to the front. Most of Esenin’s works about the World War I reflect the village life and changes in the usual peasant way of life, especially the unfortunate fate of the peasant woman, to whom the poems “The Patterns” () and “The Mother’s Prayer” () are dedicated. Esenin shows the bride’s grief and tells the story of the lonely mother commemorating her breadwinner son. Other works inspired by war events also present female images: in the little poem “Rus” (1914), Esenin describes militia, departure of men, women waiting for and receiving news from the front and faith in victory as moments in the life of peasant women inseparable from village realities. When repeatedly describing the sendoff of men from villages, Esenin not only emphasizes the crying of women anticipating troubles but also mentions outdoor festivities of recruits with playful girls, referring to his personal experience (“Through the Village by the Crooked Path...”, 1914). However, the main result of war for the poet is the death of soldiers; therefore, the images of peasant women in his works of the World War I are associated mainly with tears, suffering and commemoration.

Keywords

S. A. Esenin, World War I, village, motives, “Rus”, “The Mother’s Prayer”, “The Patterns”, “Through the Village by the Curved Road...”.

About the author

Alla A. Nikolaeva, PhD (Philology), Senior Researcher, Scientific Seсretary of the Esenin Group, А. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Povarskaya St., 25а, bldg. 1, Moscow, 121069, Russia.
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