Semenyuk A. S. Geography of peasant surnames in the Vileysky uyezd according to the 1795 revision lists // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2025. V.10. №3. P. 117-132.

EDN: JFXYAJ

Annotation

The study of geography of surnames reveals the historical-spatial features of word formation in different territories. The article presents the results of the geoinformation mapping of surnames in the Vileysky uyezd of the Minsk Governorate based on the 1795 revision lists and a family (yard) as a minimal research unit. The author created a geodatabase with vector layers in the ArcGIS 10.3 software package: yards (surnames) were added to their local settlements; after digitization, peasant secondary surnames with the most common formants were divided into layers with the attribute selection operation. Thus, the most common formants of surnames in the Vileysky uyezd were -ovich, -evich, -ich, -its, -sky, and -tsky. There were many surnames with formants -onok, -yonok and -ik, -chik, the former were localized mainly in the northern and eastern parts of the uyezd, and the latter were relatively evenly distributed. The Simpson index adapted for anthroponymic research allowed to identify the types of settlements with greater (Vileyka town, miasteczki) and lesser (villages) diversity of formants of peasant surnames. Of all the population groups, peasant surnames have the largest number of identified formants, which testifies to their arbitrary choice and freedom of word formation, not limited by the social status as the surnames of gentry and clergy.

Keywords

Geography of surnames, Vileysky uyezd, productivity of formants, geoinformation mapping, historical geography, revision lists, Simpson’s diversity index, social groups, settlements.

About the author

Alexander S. Semenyuk, PhD (Geography), Associate Professor, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformatics, Belarusian State University. Nezavisimosti Av., 4, Minsk, 220030, Belarus.
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Chayanov A.V. The southern border of the prevailing three-field system of farming in the peasant lands of Russia by the early 20th century (Article of A.V. Chayanov) // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2019. V.4. №2. P. 62-82.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2019-4-2-62-82

Annotation

This is an article of Alexander Chayanov (1888–1937) first published in 1910 in the Agriculture and Forestry. The article is based on the graduate work of Chayanov written at the Moscow Agricultural Institute under the guidance of the Professor of agricultural economy and agricultural statistics A.F. Fortunatov. The article considers farming systems used by peasants on communal lands in the provinces of European Russia in the late 19th—early 20th centuries. Chayanov grouped main systems of the peasant economy into five types: three-field, two-field, many-field, transient (lea tillage), and upland farming. The key sources for the definition and localization of farming systems were the data of non-government (zemstvo) statistics and the descriptions of farming systems provided by local agronomists in a number of provinces. Chayanov also used the ratio of the sown and fallow lands as an indicator of the farming system. He calculated this ratio on the basis of the land statistics data collected by the Central Statistical Committee in 1881 and 1893 in 46 gubernias of European Russia. The results of his work are presented in the cartogram indicating the southern and eastern borders of the prevailing three-field system of farming. This publication is mainly for historians focusing on the agrarian history and the works of Chayanov. The publication with comments was prepared by I. A. Kuznetsov and E. S. Grishin.

Keywords

agrarian history, historical geography, three-field system, peasant economy, A.V. Chayanov

About the authors

Alexander V. Chayanov

Editors: Igor A. Kuznetsov, PhD (History), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory for Economic and Social History, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp., 82.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 
Evgeny S. Grishin, Head of the Department of Historical Cartography and GeoInformation Systems, Research Laboratory for Economic and Social History, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp., 82.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 

Kuznetsov I.A., Grishin E.S.  A.V. Chayanov as a researcher of the three-field system: A publishers’ preface // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2019. V.4. №2. P. 57-61.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2019-4-2-57-61

Annotation

This is an article of Alexander Chayanov (1888–1937) first published in 1910 in the Agriculture and Forestry. The article is based on the graduate work of Chayanov written at the Moscow Agricultural Institute under the guidance of the Professor of agricultural economy and agricultural statistics A.F. Fortunatov. The article considers farming systems used by peasants on communal lands in the provinces of European Russia in the late 19th—early 20th centuries. Chayanov grouped main systems of the peasant economy into five types: three-field, two-field, many-field, transient (lea tillage), and upland farming. The key sources for the definition and localization of farming systems were the data of non-government (zemstvo) statistics and the descriptions of farming systems provided by local agronomists in a number of provinces. Chayanov also used the ratio of the sown and fallow lands as an indicator of the farming system. He calculated this ratio on the basis of the land statistics data collected by the Central Statistical Committee in 1881 and 1893 in 46 gubernias of European Russia. The results of his work are presented in the cartogram indicating the southern and eastern borders of the prevailing three-field system of farming. This publication is mainly for historians focusing on the agrarian history and the works of Chayanov.

Keywords

Agrarian history, historical geography, three-field system, peasant economy, A.V. Chayanov.

About the authors

Igor A. Kuznetsov, PhD (History), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory for Economic and Social History, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp., 82.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 
Evgeny S. Grishin, Head of the Department of Historical Cartography and GeoInformation Systems, Research Laboratory for Economic and Social History, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp., 82.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.