Lialina A. V., Voloshenko K. Yu., Plotnikova A. P.  Rural migration in the Kaliningrad Region: Scale and geography of flows // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2025. V.10. №4. P. 185-207.

EDN: UPONPO

Annotation

Today’s migration in rural areas of Russian regions is highly spatially heterogeneous, reflecting opposite directions of urbanization, deurbanization and suburbanization. The covid-19 pandemic together with an increase in remote employment and exclavity of the Kaliningrad Region under external restrictions (which is manifested in the region’s increased vulnerability, isolation, peripherality, closeness, limited resources and potential), on the one hand, and the region’s growing popularity among internal tourists, on the other hand, determine the transformation of internal and external migration, which undoubtedly affects rural areas. The article aims at identifying changes in the scale and geography of migration flows in rural areas of the Kaliningrad Region in 2011–2023. Relative indicators of the intensity of migration flows, which are traditional for migration studies, were calculated for the first time based on the data on internal migration between municipalities separately for rural areas. The authors applied typologization and cartographic methods to explain the differences in migration attractiveness and the features of migration in the near suburban, far suburban and peripheral zones. Thus, migration in rural areas of near suburbs is characterized by rapid growth, mainly due to the inflow from other regions and the regional center, but also as a result of resettlement in the eastern part of the region. Rural areas in far suburbs and peripheries have slowed their loss of population due to a noticeable replacement of rural-urban outflow by interregional migration.

Keywords

Rural area, internal migration, rural-urban migration, municipalities, suburbs, periphery, agglomeration, Kaliningrad Region.  

About the authors

Anna V. Lialina, PhD (Geography), Researcher, Center for Socio-Economic Research of the Region, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. A. Nevskogo St., 14, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia.
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Ksenia Yu. Voloshenko, PhD (Economy), Head of the Center for Socio-Economic Research of the Region, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St., 14, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia.
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Angelina P. Plotnikova, PhD Student, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St., 14, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia.
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Nazarenko G. A., Loktionov K. S., Alekseev A. I. Typology of transformations in rural settlements of the Lower Ob Region in the post-Soviet period // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2024. V.9. №4. P. 178-217.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2024-9-4-178-217

Annotation

The article considers the main post-Soviet transformation of functional types of rural settlements in the Khanty-Mansi and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Regions within the Lower Ob Region. The article is based on the field data collected in July 2023 and on the statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, district and regional administrative departments, and state archives. The authors show that the transformation of functional types of rural settlements was influenced by the development of rural settlements, their ethnic composition, the traditional way of life preserved by indigenous northern minorities, peripheral and isolated nature of settlements, territorial infrastructural development, projects of extracting companies in oil production areas, peculiarities of local institutions and regional support for economic specialization. To identify the main directions of transformation, the authors provide a functional typology of settlements in the Lower Ob Region for 1989, 2002, and 2021: 1) simplified functional type due to the loss of forestry, agricultural and commercial functions by some industrial settlements, 2) development of agriculture, recreational functions and commuting in settlements near cities, 3) stabilization of the social-economic situation as a result of the oil production near the settlement, 4) polyfunctionalization of large rural settlements turning into district service centers, 5) preservation of traditional economic activities in rural settlements with a high share of minorities.

Keywords

Rural area, transformation trajectories, periphery, isolation, functional typology, development of Western Siberia, genesis, ethnic mosaicism, indigenous peoples of the North, oil production, institutional factor, infrastructural development.

About the authors

Grigory A. Nazarenko, Undergraduate Student, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Kirill S. Loktionov, analyst, Scientific Center for the Study of Rural Problems; Master’s Student, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Alexander I. Alekseev, DSc (Geography), Professor, Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 

Discussion of the presentation of T.G. Nefedova “Polarization of the social-economic space and prospects of rural areas in the old-developed regions of Central Russia” // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2021. V.6. №1. P. 154-169.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2021-6-1-154-169

Annotation

On March 11, 2021, at the joint seminar of the Center for Agrarian Studies of the RANEPA and the Chayanov Research Center of the MSSES, the researchers discussed the presentation of Tatyana Nefedova, DSc (Geography), the Chief Researcher of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the polarization of the Russian social-economic space and the prospects of rural areas in the old-developed regions of Central Russia. Geographers, sociologists and economists discussed the driving forces of the contemporary rural development in Russia, the relationship of the Soviet agrarian heritage with the new trends in the transformation of rural areas, the role of various rural-urban strata—migrant workers, summer residents and villagers—in the preservation and possible redevelopment of the countryside. The participants considered the key concepts of the presentation: polarization, reduction of rural areas, features of their previous development, regional and local examples of the mostly depressive but sometimes sustainable ways of rural development. Some participants focused on the latest trends of rural development (2020–2021) as determined by the impact of the pandemic on both the city and the countryside; discussed the meaning and directions of rural-urban migrations both in Russia and from neighboring countries to Russia; emphasized the role of the subjective factor (strong leaders) in the local sustainable rural development. The participants admitted that, under the increasing state and market centralization of resources accompanied by the so-called optimization of rural social infrastructure (in fact many rural schools, hospitals and cultural institutions were just closed) and given the weak and ineffective rural municipal self-government, there are growing negative trends of the strengthening depression in rural areas of Central Russia. However, the old-developed rural regions have the historical-cultural potential for a new rural development.

Keywords

Polarization, differentiation, center, periphery, depression, regionalization, old-developed regions, culture.

About the authors

Kseniya V. Averkieva., PhD (Geography), Senior Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny Per., 29, Moscow, 119017.
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Olga B. Glezer, PhD (Geography), Senior Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; 119017, Moscow, Staromonetny per., 29.
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Tatyana G. Nefedova, DSc (Geography), Chief Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; 119017, Moscow, Staromonetny per., 29.
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Alexander M. Nikulin, PhD (Economics), Head of the Center for Agrarian Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp, 82.
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Pokrovsky Nikita E., DSc (Sociology), Chief Researcher, Institute of Sociology, FCTAS RAS; Professor, National Research University Higher School of Economics; 101000, Moscow, Myasnitskaya St., 20.
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Marina G. Pugacheva, Researcher, Center for Agrarian Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; 119571, Moscow, Vernadskogo Prosp, 82.
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Sergey N. Smirnov , DSc (Economics), Head of the Center for Analysis of Social Programs and Risks, Institute for Social Policy, National Research University Higher School of Economics; 101000 Myasnitskaya St., 20, Moscow,
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Andrei I. Treivish, DSc (Geography), Chief Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; 119017, Moscow, Staromonetny per., 29.
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Averkieva K.V. Symbiosis of agriculture and forestry on the early-developed periphery of the Non-Black Earth Region: The case of the Tarnogsky district of the Vologda Region // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2017. V.2. №4. P. 86-106.

DOI: 10.22394/2500-1809-2017-2-4-86-106

Annotation

The article considers the social-economic structure of the Tarnogsky district of the Vologda Region, which has a peripheral position in both European Russia and the region. Its specific features such as the low rate of population decline and the growth of the local economy that is not high compared to other Non-Black Earth regions do not correspond to the centre-periphery logic of the well-developed space adopted in social and economic sciences. There is a highly developed timber industry including manufacture of a wide range of complex products; eleven agricultural enterprises and creamery that increase production annually, which is a rarity in the peripheral Non-Black Earth region. Such success of the Tarnogsky district is determined by both reasonable regional policies in forestry and agriculture and by personal qualities of the residents, i.e. the social capital. The author argues that the long-term territorial isolation combined with a long history of economic development played an important role in the current situation. Perhaps, the development of stable and close social ties was influenced by the ‘cluster’ (or “nesting”) type of rural settlement, in which “bushes” of 10-15 villages are located in walking distance from each other and separated by forest areas.

Keywords

rural area, periphery, early-developed territory, agriculture, forestry, social capital

About the author

Kseniya V. Averkieva, PhD (Geography), Senior Researcher, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017, Staromonetny Per., 29.
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