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2025. Vol.10. №3.

Territorial differences in migration patterns of the rural youth in post-Soviet Russia

Oct 22 2025

Imangulov L. R. Territorial differences in migration patterns of the rural youth in post-Soviet Russia // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2025. V.10. №3. P. 234-260.

EDN: NMKTIG

Annotation

The article considers the features of post-Soviet migration of the rural youth in Russian regions based on the statistical data and interviews with rural school graduates, their parents and experts. The author used the age shift method to show a longterm increase in the migration outflow of the rural youth in the post-Soviet period — from 5% to more than 18% — for cohorts born in the late 20th century. The results of the study confirmed the low attractiveness of rural areas in most regions of Russia for living. The author identified eight types of regions based on the features of post-Soviet migration of the rural youth: only three types show a smaller outflow of the youth from rural areas; for each type, the ratio of push, pull and attracting factors for the rural youth is presented. Based on the field materials, the author describes a type of return migration which is quite rare for rural regions: the return of the youth is highest in the southern agrarian regions and in the national republics of the North Caucasus; its distribution in these regions is limited. Return migration of the youth to rural areas is described on the example of eight rural districts of Bashkortostan, Krasnodar Region, Dagestan and North Ossetia–Alania. In the national republics of the North Caucasus, the return of the youth to rural areas is influenced by the social factor and the low competitiveness of rural school graduates in urban labor markets, in the Krasnodar Region — by the large-scale settlement in rural areas and high barriers for the rural youth in cities (like high real estate prices).

Keywords

Rural youth, population migration, educational migration, return migration, migration factors, rural areas.

About the author

Linar R. Imangulov, Junior Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of Rural Issues at Vernadsky University, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 50 Entuziastov Highway. PHD student, Engineer, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991.
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2025. Vol.10. №3.

What will be the fate of the rural youth in Paraguay?

Oct 22 2025

Fogel R. What will be the fate of the rural youth in Paraguay? // The Russian Peasant Studies. 2025. V.10. №3. P. 68-79.

EDN: HASCJE

Annotation

The paper considers the relationship between the structure of human capital and the intensive displacement of young peasants in contemporary Paraguay. In the description of the agrarian economy, the author defines the peasant sector as a part of the agrarian structure with dynamics strongly determined by agribusiness which is integrated into the neoliberal agrifood regime as an important component of globalized markets. The author’s approach to the study of human capital and migration of young farmers is based on Amartya Sen’s theory of human capital, according to which both the development of actors’ ability to increase production and the definition of the valuable type of life are closely associated with the dominant means of socialization affecting the rural youth (educational possibilities, information-communication technologies, other means for producing meanings). Today these means are dominated by hegemonic knowledge in the interests of large corporations. 

Keywords

Rural youth, human capital, displacement of young peasants, Paraguay, agrarian economy, peasant economy, agribusiness, neoliberal agrifood regime.

About the author

Ramón Fogel, DSc (Sociology), Research Director, Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios (CERI). Cruz del Defensor 1816 casi, Asunción 001421, Paraguay.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.    

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Russian Peasant Studies

Peer-reviewed interdisciplinary academic journal in the field of theoretical and empirical peasant studies, rural sociology, economics and social geography. The journal publishes original works on the issues of socio-economic development of agricultural regions of Russia and the world, the history of the peasantry, including its formation and evolution, particularly from philosophical and cultural studies viewpoints. The journal aims at exploring the paths of Russian and international rural development and supporting cooperation of agrarian researchers representing different scientific disciplines. Read more>

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